80対20の法則
パレートの法則(これもベキ法則が働いている)は、80対20の法則として知られています。これは、たとえば、蜂の全個体のうち20%が80%の蜜を集めてくると言う話です。
ところが、この働き者の20%を取り除くと、残りの蜂もまた80対20の法則になるというのです。
都市人口についても同じような法則がみられ、たとえば、北海道についてみると、まさに上位20%の人口が80%を占めているとのことです。
だからといって、都市順位が構造化されていると悲観する必要はないのではないでしょうか。蜂の例のように、上位20%を切ってしまえば、残りのなかにまた上位20%が出来るのですから、たとえば、北海道は道州制でまず独立し、札幌市が独立し・・と切り離していけば、残った地域にまた20%が生まれます。
言い換えれば、エイやっと北海道のなかを10くらいに分断してしまえば、それぞれに上位20%が出来き、全体としてもっと強い地域になるのではないでしょうか。もっとも、その後改めて北海道の都市を並べてみれば、また全体としてはベキ分布になっているのでしょうが。
ただ、空間の配置が変わると、ゆらぎが生じ、別の都市同士が影響しあって、新しい変異が生まれるかもしれません。
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